Decreto n.º 19/2018
| Data de publicação | 29 Junho 2018 |
| Seção | Serie I |
| Órgão | Presidência do Conselho de Ministros |
Decreto n.º 19/2018
de 29 de junho
A República Portuguesa é Parte do Protocolo à Convenção de 1979 sobre a Poluição Atmosférica Transfronteiriça a Longa Distância relativo à Redução da Acidificação, Eutrofização e Ozono Troposférico, assinado em Gotemburgo, em 30 de novembro de 1999, e aprovado pelo Decreto n.º 20/2004, de 20 de agosto.
Em 4 de maio de 2012, no âmbito da trigésima sessão do Órgão Executivo da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre a Poluição Atmosférica Transfronteiriça a Longa Distância, realizada em Genebra, foram adotadas alterações ao texto e anexos ii a ix do referido Protocolo e feito o aditamento dos novos anexos x e xi.
Estas alterações estabelecem novos compromissos de redução de emissões atmosféricas, para 2020 e anos subsequentes, dos quatro poluentes do Protocolo (enxofre, óxidos de azoto, compostos orgânicos voláteis e amoníaco) e, pela primeira vez, das partículas finas (PM(índice 2.5)). Introduzem ainda a definição de carbono negro como constituinte das partículas em suspensão e atualizam os anexos técnicos relativos aos valores-limite de emissão dos poluentes atmosféricos provenientes de fontes estacionárias e móveis.
Desta forma, as alterações acordadas vêm reforçar os objetivos ambientais nacionais, europeus e internacionais de que as concentrações e deposições atmosféricas não sejam excedidas, através de um maior controlo e limitação das emissões atmosféricas de poluentes causados pela atividade humana e com efeitos negativos prováveis na saúde humana, ecossistemas, património, culturas agrícolas e clima, a curto e longo prazo, devido à acidificação, eutrofização, partículas em suspensão e ozono troposférico. Vêm ainda assegurar uma abordagem gradual, considerando as vantagens do conhecimento científico.
Assim:
Nos termos da alínea c) do n.º 1 do artigo 197.º da Constituição, o Governo aprova as alterações ao Protocolo à Convenção de 1979 sobre a Poluição Atmosférica Transfronteiriça a Longa Distância relativo à Redução da Acidificação, da Eutrofização e do Ozono Troposférico, adotadas em Genebra, em 4 de maio de 2012, cujo texto, na versão autenticada na língua inglesa e respetiva tradução para a língua portuguesa, se publica em anexo.
Visto e aprovado em Conselho de Ministros de 14 de junho de 2018. - Augusto Ernesto Santos Silva - Augusto Ernesto Santos Silva - João Pedro Soeiro de Matos Fernandes.
Assinado em 15 de junho de 2018.
Publique-se.
O Presidente da República, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.
Referendado em 21 de junho de 2018.
O Primeiro-Ministro, António Luís Santos da Costa.
Decision 2012/2
Amendment of the text of and annexes II to IX to the 1999 Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone and the addition of new annexes X and XI
Article 1
Amendment
The Parties to the 1999 Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, meeting within the thirtieth session of the Executive Body,
Decide to amend the 1999 Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (Gothenburg Protocol) to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution as set out in the annex to this decision.
Article 2
Relationship to the Gothenburg Protocol
No State or regional economic integration organization may deposit an instrument of acceptance of this Amendment unless it has previously, or simultaneously, deposited an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession to the Gothenburg Protocol.
Article 3
Entry into force
In accordance with article 13, paragraph 3, of the Gothenburg Protocol, this Amendment shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which two thirds of the Parties to the Gothenburg Protocol have deposited with the Depositary their instruments of acceptance thereof.
Annex
A. Preamble
1. In the second preambular paragraph, the words "volatile organic compounds and reduced nitrogen compounds" are replaced by the words "volatile organic compounds, reduced nitrogen compounds and particulate matter".
2. In the third preambular paragraph, the words "and particulate matter" are inserted after the word "ozone".
3. In the fourth preambular paragraph, the words "sulphur and volatile organic compounds, as well as secondary pollutants such as ozone" are replaced by the words "sulphur, volatile organic compounds, ammonia and directly emitted particulate matter, as well as secondarily formed pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter".
4. The following preambular paragraph is added between the fourth and fifth preambular paragraphs:
"Recognizing the assessments of scientific knowledge by international organizations, such as the United Nations Environment Programme, and by the Arctic Council, about the human health and climate co-benefits of reducing black carbon and ground-level ozone, particularly in the Arctic and in the Alpine regions,".
5. For the sixth preambular paragraph there is substituted:
Recognizing also that Canada and the United States of America are bilaterally addressing cross-border air pollution under the Canada - United States Air Quality Agreement, which includes commitments by both countries to reduce emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, and that the two countries are considering the inclusion of commitments to reduce emissions of particulate matter,
6. For the seventh preambular paragraph there is substituted:
Recognizing furthermore that Canada is committed to achieving reductions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter to meet the Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and particulate matter and the national objective to reduce acidification, and that the United States is committed to the implementation of programmes to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter necessary to meet national ambient air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter, to make continued progress in reducing acidification and eutrophication effects and to improve visibility in national parks and urban areas alike,
7. The ninth and tenth preambular paragraphs are replaced by the following preambular paragraphs:
"Taking into account the scientific knowledge about the hemispheric transport of air pollution, the influence of the nitrogen cycle and the potential synergies with and trade-offs between air pollution and climate change,
Aware that emissions from shipping and aviation contribute significantly to adverse effects on human health and the environment and are important issues under consideration by the International Maritime Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization,".
8. In the fifteenth preambular paragraph, the words "ammonia and volatile organic compounds" are replaced by the words "ammonia, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter".
9. In the nineteenth preambular paragraph, the words "and particulate matter, including black carbon," are inserted after the words "nitrogen compounds".
10. The twentieth and twenty-first preambular paragraphs are deleted.
11. In the twenty-second preambular paragraph:
(a) The words "and ammonia" are replaced by the words "and reduced nitrogen compounds"; and
(b) The words "including nitrous oxide" are replaced by the words ", including nitrous oxide and nitrate levels in ecosystems,".
12. In the twenty-third preambular paragraph, the word "tropospheric" is replaced by the words "ground-level".
B. Article 1
1. The following paragraph is added after paragraph 1:
1 bis. The terms "this Protocol", "the Protocol" and "the present Protocol" mean the 1999 Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone, as amended from time to time;
2. The words ", expressed as ammonia (NH3)" are added at the end of paragraph 9.
3. The following paragraphs are added after paragraph 11:
11 bis. "Particulate matter" or "PM" is an air pollutant consisting of a mixture of particles suspended in the air. These particles differ in their physical properties (such as size and shape) and chemical composition. Unless otherwise stated, all references to particulate matter in the present Protocol refer to particles with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 microns ((mi)m) (PM(índice 10)), including those with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 (mi)m (PM(índice 2.5));
11 ter. "Black carbon" means carbonaceous particulate matter that absorbs light;
11 quater. "Ozone precursors" means nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, methane and carbon monoxide;
4. In paragraph 13, the words "or fluxes to receptors" are inserted after the word "atmosphere".
5. In paragraph 15, the words "volatile organic compounds or ammonia" are replaced by the words "volatile organic compounds, ammonia or particulate matter".
6. For paragraph 16 there is substituted:
"New stationary source" means any stationary source of which the construction or substantial modification is commenced after the expiry of one year from the date of entry into force for a Party of the present Protocol. A Party may decide not to treat as a new stationary source any stationary source for which approval has already been given by the appropriate competent national authorities at the time of entry into force of the Protocol for that Party and provided that the construction or substantial modification is commenced within 5 years of that date. It shall be a matter for the competent national authorities to decide whether a modification is substantial or not, taking account of such factors as the environmental benefits of the modification.
C. Article 2
1. In the chapeau:
(a) Before the words "The objective of the present Protocol" is inserted "1.";
(b) The words "ammonia and volatile organic compounds" are replaced by the words "ammonia, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter";
(c) The words "and the environment" are inserted after "human health";
(d) The words "materials and crops" are replaced by the words...
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