Decreto-Lei n.º 401/82, de 23 de Setembro de 1982
Decreto-Lei n.º 401/82 de 23 de Setembro 1. O presente diploma visa regular uma matéria de largo interesse e importância, correspondendo, igualmente, ao imperativo decorrente do artigo 9.º do Código Penal.
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Tal interesse e importância não resultam tão-só da ideia de que o jovem imputável é merecedor de um tratamento penal especializado, mas vão também ao encontro das mais recentes pesquisas no domínio das ciências humanas e da política criminal, como, finalmente, entroncam num pensamento vasto e profundo, no qual a capacidade de ressocialização do homem é pressuposto necessário, sobretudo quando este se encontra ainda no limiar da suamaturidade.
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O direito penal dos jovens imputáveis deve, tanto quanto possível, aproximar-se dos princípios e regras do direito reeducador de menores. Neste sentido se consagra, no artigo 5.º, um princípio que, não sendo inovador face ao nosso sistema penal, colhe o mais largo consenso doutrinal, assim como se coloca nas zonas mais avançadas do tratamento penal de jovens inimputáveis.
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O princípio geral imanente em todo o texto legal é o da maior flexibilidade na aplicação das medidas de correcção que vem permitir que a um jovem imputável até aos 21 anos possa ser aplicada tão-só uma medida correctiva.
Trata-se, em suma, de instituir um direito mais reeducador do que sancionador, sem esquecer que a reinserção social, para ser conseguida, não poderá descurar os interesses fundamentais da comunidade, e de exigir, sempre que a pena prevista seja a de prisão, que esta possa ser especialmente atenuada, nos termos gerais, se para tanto concorrerem sérias razões no sentido de que, assim, se facilitará aquela reinserção.
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A inconveniência dos efeitos estigmatizantes das penas aconselha a que se pense na adopção preferencial de medidas correctivas para os delinquentes a que o diploma se destina.
Tais medidas comportam uma grande amplitude, já que nelas se consagra a possibilidade de o juiz, segundo o seu prudente arbítrio, ordenar o cumprimento de uma obrigação de facere ou omittere ao jovem imputável.
Pode ainda, nesta linha, o juiz, quando assim o julgar conveniente, decidir-se pelo internamento em centros de detenção, internamento que, também ele, pode ser extremamente variável, conforme mostra o diploma sobre a aplicação das medidas privativas de liberdade.
Pretende-se, com tudo isto, consagrar um tratamento diferenciado que permita uma adequada individualização das reacções da sociedade.
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