Decreto-Lei n.º 124/84, de 18 de Abril de 1984
Decreto-Lei n.º 124/84 de 18 de Abril 1. A frequência com que têm vindo a colocar-se problemas ligados ao reconhecimento do direito a prestações de segurança social baseado em períodos de trabalho, subordinado ou por conta própria, em relação aos quais se não verificou a atempada declaração do exercício de actividade nem o consequente pagamento das correspondentes contribuições leva à necessidade de proceder à clarificação das regras até agora vigentes nesta matéria.
Por um lado, a exclusiva responsabilidade das entidades patronais pelo pagamento das contribuições devidas à segurança social, bem como pela inscrição dos trabalhadores ao seu serviço e pela declaração do trabalho prestado, através da entrega das folhas de remuneração, tem implicado que, a todo o tempo, os trabalhadores subordinados possam vir requerer as prestações de segurança social baseando a sua pretensão na prova da respectiva prestação de trabalho, mesmo nos casos em que não tenha havido o correlativo pagamento das contribuições devidas e as mesmas se encontrem já prescritas.
Paralelamente, e também no que se refere aos trabalhadores independentes, tem sido aceite o pagamento de contribuições com efeitos retroactivos, mesmo quando de tal facto possa resultar a retroacção da inscrição na segurança social ou, pelo menos, da vinculação ao esquema de segurança social específico deste tipo de trabalhadores sem que, em alguns casos, exista prova cabal do efectivo exercício da actividade.
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Essas práticas, enquadradas em certo apoio legal, determinaram, porém, situações graves para a segurança social, ao mesmo tempo que favoreceram comportamentos fraudulentos, geradores de injustiças relativas e descaracterizadores da solidariedade própria do sistema.
De facto, nos casos em que as contribuições se encontravam prescritas não havia já possibilidade legal de as exigir à entidade devedora, enquantos nos casos em que a prescrição ainda não actuara o pagamento das contribuições, mesmo que acrescido de multas e juros de mora, não era muitas vezes susceptível de repor o equilíbrio.
Por outro lado, a dificuldade de cabal verificação do efectivo exercício de actividade, principalmente quando referida a períodos afastados no tempo, permitia claras situações de fraude, mais frequentes nos esquemas de menor peso contributivo, como o do serviço doméstico.
Estas situações não podem, porém, ser admitidas, já que o sistema de segurança social, para abranger no seu âmbito todos os cidadãos, tem de impor uma cada vez maior moralização no acesso às prestações e uma consciencialização não apenas dos direitos mas também dos correlativos deveres que a todos incumbem face à segurança social.
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São estes, em síntese, os objectivos do presente diploma, que visa regulamentar de forma mais rigorosa a possibilidade de declaração de períodos de actividade e o consequente pagamento de contribuições com efeitos retroactivos, quer as contribuições estejam ou não prescritas.
A consagração da co-responsabilidade dos trabalhadores subordinados pela sua...
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