Decreto-Lei n.º 126/77, de 02 de Abril de 1977
Decreto-Lei n.º 126/77 de 2 de Abril 1. A conjuntura de crise e de inflação que vem caracterizando nos últimos anos a economia portuguesa teve como consequência o avolumar de prejuízos, cuja cobertura, através de crédito, inviabiliza financeiramente empresas que, do ponto de vista económico, permanecem viáveis.
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A persistência de altas taxas de inflação e o consequente agravamento das condições de exploração, nem sempre acompanhado de evolução paralela dos proveitos, por um lado, a obediência a critérios tradicionais e conservadores de contabilidade e, até, a subordinação a regras de natureza fiscal, por outro, originaram, com o tempo, distorções na estrutura aparente dos balanços e das contas de resultados, podendo, de um modo geral, dizer-se que o activo fixo formado em exercícios anteriores se encontra invariavelmente desactualizado, o que deforma a imagem real da estrutura financeira das empresas respectivas.
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Além disso, os resultados empresariais, positivos ou negativos, calculados com observância dos mesmos critérios e regras, aparecem, nas mesmas contas, desproporcionados em relação aos investimentos, subvalorados, que os geraram, não obstante os custos de exploração se encontrarem também, em regra, deflacionados pela prática generalizada de amortizações lineares, calculadas por imperativo fiscal em percentagem de valores contabilísticos agora desactualizados.
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Deste modo, pode dizer-se que os balanços e as contas de resultados das empresas poderão, por falta de normativo adequado, ter deixado de reunir as qualidades de transparência, clareza e precisão que lhes são prescritas pela lei, tornando-se, portanto, necessário encontrar soluções legislativas que permitam evitar os inconvenientes apontados sem ofensa dos princípios da justa repartição da carga fiscal. É, porém, necessário fomentar previamente o amplo debate dos especialistas e recolher a experiência estrangeira sobre a matéria, em particular dos países mais avançados em normalização contabilística e dos mais flagelados pela inflação, debate e trabalho que, de certo, ainda levarão alguns meses.
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Entretanto, torna-se necessário e é agora possível estabelecer algumas regras que, sem prejuízo do que vier a ser legislado, permitam resolver desde já as situações mais urgentes e controláveis, como aquelas que decorrem dos processos de saneamento económico e financeiro das empresas, com ou sem intervenção, quando este for acompanhado pelo Estado ou por entidade por este...
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